DEI in Research Toolkit

Multiple Implicit Association Test: Become aware of what your own personal biases are and constantly reflect on how you can minimize their impact

10 Things You Can Do to Promote Anti-Racism, Diversity, Equity and Inclusion: Learn “10 things you can do in support of the school’s mission to advance nursing science and practice through generating knowledge and educating future leaders to address health for all. Importantly, approaching these things with cultural humility (a mindset and process that allows one to be open to others’ identities through respectful inquiry and empathy; see more here) and accountability for one’s actions is needed to be genuine and effective in living up to our organizational commitment.”

Promoting Health Equity in Nursing Care: This interactive self-learning module examines how nurses can promote health equity in their practice

Best Practices for Equitable Research at Each Step of the Research Process: “The best practices below are strategies for integrating the value of equity into the research process. Equity refers to fair and just access to opportunities, power, and resources. The questions included in this document are intended to help generate ideas on how to engage underrepresented research populations in each step of the research process. These practices can serve as a starting point for building long-term partnerships with communities underrepresented in research.”

DEI Topic Resources: SoN’s Center for Antiracism in Nursing’s Resource page

Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review – “Implicit biases involve associations outside conscious awareness that lead to a negative evaluation of a person on the basis of irrelevant characteristics such as race or gender. This review examines the evidence that healthcare professionals display implicit biases towards patients.”

Implicit Racial/Ethnic Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Its Influence on Health Care Outcomes: A Systematic Review: “In the United States, people of color face disparities in access to health care, the quality of care received, and health outcomes. The attitudes and behaviors of health care providers have been identified as one of many factors that contribute to health disparities…. We investigated the extent to which implicit racial/ethnic bias exists among health care professionals and examined the relationships between health care professionals’ implicit attitudes about racial/ethnic groups and health care outcomes.”

Implicit bias in healthcare: clinical practice, research and decision making: “Bias is the evaluation of something or someone that can be positive or negative, and implicit or unconscious bias is when the person is unaware of their evaluation. This is particularly relevant to policymaking during the coronavirus pandemic and racial inequality highlighted during the support for the Black Lives Matter movement. A literature review was performed to define bias, identify the impact of bias on clinical practice and research as well as clinical decision making (cognitive bias). Bias training could bridge the gap from the lack of awareness of bias to the ability to recognise bias in others and within ourselves. However, there are no effective debiasing strategies. Awareness of implicit bias must not deflect from wider socio-economic, political and structural barriers as well ignore explicit bias such as prejudice.”

It’s Time To Address The Role Of Implicit Bias Within Health Care Delivery: “After many decades of study and exposition in the medical and sociological literature, policy makers and health care providers have finally turned their attention to social determinants of health (SDoH) and their effects on health outcomes.”

A Framework for Commitment to Social Justice and Antiracism in Academic Medicine: “As physicians, bound to safeguard the health and well-being of our patients, we are compelled to act. We must begin with an honest interrogation of racial injustice in our own community to identify the structural racism embedded—and often hidden—in our systems and institutions. So informed, we can then set out to mitigate the impact of structural racism, dismantle harmful practices, and rebuild a just healthcare system for all.”

The Every Day Discrimination Scale: David R. William’s scale to measure

• Everyday Discrimination
• Major Instances of Discrimination
• Workplace Discrimination

Informational videos and podcasts: David R. Williams includes links to various media forms that contextualize race and disscrmination.

Articles

Can You Really Measure That? Combining Critical Race Theory and Quantitative Methods: “Critical race theory (CRT) has been used in educational literature to emphasize the influence of racism on educational opportunity and the assets of students of color. Quantitative methods appear antithetical to CRT tenets according to some, but this article endeavors to show why this is not the case, based on both historical and contemporary notions. To build this argument, the author presents results from an empirical study that used data from a survey of undergraduates and measurement theory to quantify students’ community cultural wealth, a CRT framework that describes the cultural assets of communities of color. The author concludes with recommendations for incorporating quantitative methods into future CRT studies.”

Considerations for using race and ethnicity as quantitative variables in medical education research: “Throughout history, race and ethnicity have been used as key descriptors to categorize and label individuals. The use of these concepts as variables can impact resources, policy, and perceptions in medical education. Despite the pervasive use of race and ethnicity as quantitative variables, it is unclear whether researchers use them in their proper context. In this Eye Opener, we present the following seven considerations with corresponding recommendations, for using race and ethnicity as variables in medical education research.”

Race and Medicine: “The Race and Medicine collection reflects NEJM’s commitment to understanding and combating racism as a public health and human rights crisis. Our commitment to antiracism includes efforts to educate the medical community about systemic racism, to support physicians and aspiring physicians who are Black, Indigenous, and people of color, and ultimately to improve the care and lives of patients who are Black, Indigenous, and people of color.”

Editorial

Recalibrating the Use of Race in Medical Research: “Race as a variable in medical research has long been a contentious issue. It is widely accepted that race is an indistinct construct that is not always measured accurately and standardized. In 1999, the Human Genome Project emphasized race as nonbiological with no basis in the genetic code. What, then, does race define?”

Race as a Research Variable: Should It be Retained or Discarded?

Books

Measuring Racial Discrimination: “Many racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including blacks, Hispanics, Asians, American Indians, and others, have historically faced severe discrimination—pervasive and open denial of civil, social, political, educational, and economic opportunities. Today, large differences among racial and ethnic groups continue to exist in employment, income and wealth, housing, education, criminal justice, health, and other areas. While many factors may contribute to such differences, their size and extent suggest that various forms of discriminatory treatment persist in U.S. society and serve to undercut the achievement of equal opportunity.”

Community Partnership Guide for Engaging With Academic Researchers (ITHS): “This guide was designed in collaboration with the Health Equity Research Community Advisory Council to help community organizations successfully partner with academic research teams in research projects that involve their community. Use the guide to help decide if and how your community organization will participate or partner in a research project, and what your organization’s role should be in each aspect of the project. ”

Tips for Conducting a Community Landscape Assessment (National Student Support Accelerator): “A Landscape Analysis outlines the strengths, resources, and needs of a particular community. It provides a framework for designing a service and ensuring that it is embedded directly in the needs of the community.”

Community Score Card (CARE): “CARE Malawi developed the Community Score Card (CSC)1
in 2002 as part of a project aimed at developing innovative and sustainable models to improve health services. Since then, the CSC has become an internationally recognized participatory governance approach for improving the implementation of quality services – spreading within CARE and beyond.2
CARE now has over a decade of experience implementing the CSC in a wide variety of contexts and sectors.”

Community Engagement Toolkit (Collective Impact Forum): “The following toolkit is meant to guide leaders and groups through a step by step process of building community engagement strategies that will achieve better results for children, families, and communities.”

Building Effective Multi-Stakeholder Teams (PCORI): “This website provides information and resources to help you succeed in the most important aspects of conducting research in multi-stakeholder teams–engaging stakeholders to be active members of the team and working together as a productive team.”

10 Best resources for community engagement in implementation research: Implementation research (IR) focuses on understanding how and why interventions produce their effects in a given context. This often requires engaging a broad array of stakeholders at multiple levels of the health system. Whereas a variety of tools and approaches exist to facilitate stakeholder engagement at the national or institutional level, there is a substantial gap in the IR literature about how best to do this at the local or community level.

Nature Collection on Improve Diversity in Research: “This collection of articles, a collaboration between Nature Research and Scientific American, focuses on the barriers faced by women and how they might be overcome, but also includes articles about the challenges encountered by other underrepresented groups in science. The collection highlights our long-standing commitment to covering gender-related issues and other aspects of diversity. We hope that this collection will stimulate discussion and build support for greater diversity in research and beyond.”

• Questions to consider after assessments (adapted from the Equitable Research Best Practices document):
  • Are the community’s values represented in the research questions?
  • Have the researchers identified how the answers to the research questions will benefit the community?
  • Do the research questions account for the cultural and historical context of the community?
  • How does the community like to be approached and through what gateway?
  • Does the community respect & trust the research design & types of data collected?

Template: Community Research Agreement

University Of Washington School of Nursing Center for Anti-Racism in Nursing

Experienced health disparities investigators with expertise in on the most up-to-date research methods and approaches for engaging diverse communities in research are available to consult with all investigators on their research proposals. Those interested are encouraged to set up a consultation early the grant application process and should coordinate these consultations with the Office of Nursing .

University Of Washington School of Nursing Marketing and Communications

With experience in effective communication with non-scientific audiences, the School of Nursing’s professional marketing and communications staff is available to advise investigators on strategies and research materials that are most effective in reaching lay audiences.  Whether in the study design phase or in the dissemination phase, our marketing and communications team is excited to partner with researchers to increase the impact of their research. Those interested should coordinate these consultations with the Office of Nursing .

ITHS Community Connections Program

The ITHS Connections Program provides a platform through which communities and academic researchers are brought together to work on projects of mutual interest. These communities include community-based organizations, clinical organizations, and patients throughout the five state Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho region. This program is administered by the ITHS Connections Program Coordinating Center.

ITHS Community Engagement Services

ITHS community engagement programs interact with regional constituents in significant ways, but the Community Engagement Program focuses on:

• Creating high-functioning, multidisciplinary academic, clinical, community, and patient research teams
• Providing tools, knowledge, skills, and institutional support to advance discovery into practice

AAMC Principles of Trustworthiness: “Since 2015, the AAMC has produced an annual series of Community Engagement Toolkits in collaboration with our members and their communities. These toolkits provide unvarnished community perspectives on crucial issues and views about how our members can be better partners.”

Awareness Raising Activities to Promote Diverse Participation: A model checklist for implementers

Data Variables Tool: Identifying and Collecting Data Variables: “Currently, the collection of data variables as part of clinical research lacks uniformity, limiting the ability to capture results in a granular enough manner to accurately represent diverse populations and thus subsequently analyze within a study and compare across studies aggregate results, and assess heterogeneity of treatment effect across different subgroups. While all variables need not be collected for every research study, those that are dependent upon the nature and objectives of the research study should be collected using data standards that are as universal as possible… The process by which data variables will be collected and the collection tool used to record data variables should be identified during study design and protocol development.” This toolkit provides information on data variables.

CITI Training Program: Community Engaged and Community Based Participatory Research: “This course introduces learners to Community-Engaged Research (CEnR) and Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR). It also identifies the ethical and practical considerations particular to the design, review, and conduct of CEnR.”

Hiring the Experts: Best practices for community-engaged research: “Community-engaged approaches to research and practice continue to show success in addressing health equity and making long-term change for partnership relationships and structures of power. The usefulness of these approaches is either diminished or bolstered by community trust, which can be challenging for partnerships to achieve. In this research note we present an example process for recruiting, interviewing, and hiring community researchers as a starting place for capacity building and for laying the foundation for data collection and analysis in health-related community projects.”

Training Patient Stakeholders Builds Community Capacity, Enhances Patient Engagement in Research: “Our philosophical framework for research with low-income Latino patients with diabetes prioritizes hiring research staff who share the culture and language of the population of study. Inclusive research design requires an active role by patient stakeholders with training opportunities in a collaborative learning environment to allow patient stakeholder data collectors (PSDCs) to build on existing strengths and expertise…”

Supporting New Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships: “Marginalized communities have a documented distrust of research grounded in negative portrayals in the academic literature. Yet, trusted partnerships, the foundation for Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), require time to build the capacity for joint decision-making, equitable involvement of academically trained and community investigators, and co-learning. Trust can be difficult to develop within the short time between a funding opportunity announcement and application submission…”

Proceedings of Advancing the Science of Community Engaged Research (CEnR): Innovative and Effective Methods of Stakeholder Engagement in Translational Research: “CTSAs funding community-university research partnerships should consider training, support and program changes that respond to common challenges. Examples include building capacity to address competing priorities and paradigms, cultivating effective communication and partnerships, streamlining institutional processes to reduce community partner burden, and formulating a roster of community organizations to be tapped if funded organizations can no longer participate fully in projects.”

University Of Washington School of Nursing Center for Anti-Racism in Nursing

Experienced health disparities investigators with expertise in on the most up-to-date research methods and approaches for engaging diverse communities in research are available to consult with all investigators on their research proposals. Those interested are encouraged to set up a consultation early the grant application process and should coordinate these consultations with the Office of Nursing .

University Of Washington School of Nursing Marketing and Communications

With experience in effective communication with non-scientific audiences, the School of Nursing’s professional marketing and communications staff is available to advise investigators on strategies and research materials that are most effective in reaching lay audiences.  Whether in the study design phase or in the dissemination phase, our marketing and communications team is excited to partner with researchers to increase the impact of their research. Those interested should coordinate these consultations with the Office of Nursing .

ITHS Community Connections Program

The ITHS Connections Program provides a platform through which communities and academic researchers are brought together to work on projects of mutual interest. These communities include community-based organizations, clinical organizations, and patients throughout the five state Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho region. This program is administered by the ITHS Connections Program Coordinating Center.

ITHS Community Engagement Services

ITHS community engagement programs interact with regional constituents in significant ways, but the Community Engagement Program focuses on:

• Creating high-functioning, multidisciplinary academic, clinical, community, and patient research teams
• Providing tools, knowledge, skills, and institutional support to advance discovery into practice

Toolkit for Centering Racial Equity Throughout Data Integration: “This body of work seeks to encourage shifts of awareness and practice, by centering racial equity and community voice within the context of data integration and use. Our vision is one of ethical data use with a racial equity lens, that supports power sharing and building across agencies and community members.”

How to embed a racial and ethnic equity perspective in research: “To achieve these goals, child and youth researchers must incorporate a racial and ethnic equity perspective across the entire research process—in study design, data collection and analysis, and interpretation and dissemination of data findings. Although child and youth researchers may be greatly interested in how to include an equity perspective in their work, there is little practical guidance for how to do so. This report aims to equip researchers with tools and resources to integrate a racial and ethnic perspective in research.”

NIH Bias Training for Center for Scientific Review Study Section: Goal: “The working group is acting as an external advisory committee to provide a broad range of perspectives in the development of training to ensure that scenarios and strategies to mitigate biases presented in the training are realistic, practical, and represent the most common instances of positive and negative bias in peer review.”

Situating positionality and power in CBPR conducted with a refugee community: benefits of a co-learning reflective model: “Reflexivity, an important component of qualitative inquiry generally, gains additional significance in community-based participatory research (CBPR). The varying partnerships among researchers, community partners, and community members are strengthened when a co – learning, reflective model is applied. The use of reflective field notes can be a powerful tool to help achieve this end. In this article, we describe the dynamics of community-engaged research team where members applied a co-learning model to reflect upon their positionality in the community and in research. Using reflective field notes examined through a narrative approach to the PI’s time in the field, we assess these positionalities through the relationships between CBPR work and power relations…”

JAMA – Recalibrating the use of race in medical research: “Race as a variable in medical research has long been a contentious issue. It is widely accepted that race is an indistinct construct that is not always measured accurately and standardized. In 1999, the Human Genome Project emphasized race as nonbiological with no basis in the genetic code. What, then, does race define?”

University Of Washington School of Nursing Center for Anti-Racism in Nursing

Experienced health disparities investigators with expertise in on the most up-to-date research methods and approaches for engaging diverse communities in research are available to consult with all investigators on their research proposals. Those interested are encouraged to set up a consultation early the grant application process and should coordinate these consultations with the Office of Nursing .

University Of Washington School of Nursing Marketing and Communications

With experience in effective communication with non-scientific audiences, the School of Nursing’s professional marketing and communications staff is available to advise investigators on strategies and research materials that are most effective in reaching lay audiences.  Whether in the study design phase or in the dissemination phase, our marketing and communications team is excited to partner with researchers to increase the impact of their research. Those interested should coordinate these consultations with the Office of Nursing .

ITHS Community Connections Program

The ITHS Connections Program provides a platform through which communities and academic researchers are brought together to work on projects of mutual interest. These communities include community-based organizations, clinical organizations, and patients throughout the five state Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho region. This program is administered by the ITHS Connections Program Coordinating Center.

ITHS Community Engagement Services

ITHS community engagement programs interact with regional constituents in significant ways, but the Community Engagement Program focuses on:

• Creating high-functioning, multidisciplinary academic, clinical, community, and patient research teams
• Providing tools, knowledge, skills, and institutional support to advance discovery into practice